Distribution of dissolved and suspended forms of heavy metals in the water of the Syr Darya, South Kazakhstan
Abstract
The water of the Syr Darya is the main source of fresh water in South Kazakhstan and heavily used for agriculture. The use water from the Syr Darya for irrigation of agricultural fields affects its chemical composition and is reflected in the water quality class provided in the bulletins of the Ministry of Ecology, Geology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the present work, the distribution of suspended and dissolved forms of heavy metals in the water of the Syr Darya has been studied in two areas – the upper reaches of the river from the Shardara reservoir to the «Koksaray» bridge and the lower reaches of the river from Turkestan to Terenozek. Concentrations of heavy metals and metalloids were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, Agilent 7500A, United States) and compared to these recommended levels. Total concentrations of several metals (V, Cu, Mn, Fe, Sr) exceed the Maximum Permissible Concentrations established for waters of fishery reservoirs. The role of the suspended form in the geochemical migration of a number of metals in the water of the Syr Darya River is estimated and it was shown that this form is a significant fraction of the total metal concentration. The distribution of suspended forms of metals correlates to the turbidity of the water of the Syr Darya.
References
2 Pimentel D, Houser J, Preiss E, White O, Fang H, Mesnick L, Barsky T, Tariche S, Schreck J, Alpert S (1997) BioSci 47:97-106. Crossref
3 Zhang W, Ma L, Abuduwaili J, Ge YIssanova G, Saparov G (2019) Environ Monit Assess 191:572. Crossref
4 Krupa EG, Barinova SS, Amirgaliyev NA, Issenova G, Kozhabayeva G (2017) MOJ Eco Environ Sci 2(1):8-14. Crossref
5 Rzymski P, Klimaszyk P, Niedzielski P, Marszelewski W, Borowiak D, Nowiński K, Baikenzheyeva A, Kurmanbayev R, Aladin N (2019) Chemosphere 234:81-88. Crossref
6 Kazhydromet website. Monthly newsletter on the state of the environment [Yezhemesyachnyy informatsionnyy byulleten’ o sostoyanii okruzhayushchey sredy]. URL . (In Russian)
7 GOST 17.1.5.05-85. Protection of Nature. Hydrosphere. General requirements for sampling surface and sea waters, ice and atmospheric precipitation [Okhrana prirody. Gidrosfera. Obshchiye trebovaniya k otboru prob poverkhnostnykh i morskikh vod, l’da i atmosfernykh osadkov]. Мoscow, USSR, 1987. (In Russian)
8 Satybaldiyev B, Tuovinen H, Uralbekov B, Lehto J, Burkitbayev M (2015) Heavy metals and natural radionuclides in the water of Syr Darya River, Kazakhstan. In: Merkel B., Arab A. (eds) Uranium - Past and Future Challenges. Springer, Cham. P.155-160. Crossref
9 Snow DD, Chakraborty P, Uralbekov B, Satybaldiev B, Sallach JB, Hampton LT, Jeffries M, Kolok AS, Bartelt-Hunt SB (2020) Water Res 184:116141. Crossref
10 A generalized list of maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) and tentatively safe exposure levels (TSEL) of harmful substances for the water of fishery reservoirs [Obobshchennyy perechen’ predel’no dopustimykh kontsentratsiy (PDK) i oriyentirovochno bezopasnykh urovney vozdeystviya (OBUV) vrednykh veshchestv dlya vody rybokhozyaystvennykh vodoyemov]. Moscow, USSR, 1990. (In Russian)
11 Burkitbayev MM, Uralbekov BM, Tuzova TV (2017) Non-equilibrium uranium as a natural indicator of processes in the waterecological systems of Central Asia [Neravnovesnyi uran kak estestvennyi indikator processov v vodno-ecologicheskih sistemah Central`noy Azii]. Kazakh University, Almaty, Kazakhstan. (In Russian). ISBN 978-601-04-2923-9
12 Trufanov AI (2011) Bulletin of the Orenburg Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences [Byulleten’ Orenburgskogo nauchnogo tsentra UrO RAN] 2. (In Russian)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
